The matrix, in the context of landscape ecology, refers to the non-habitat areas within a landscape that surround and separate habitat patches. It includes the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation and other land cover types, such as agricultural fields, suburban developments, and mining areas.

The cost of landscape design can be greatly impacted by the type and quality of materials used. More expensive materials such as natural stone or high-quality hardwood lumber will often result in a higher overall cost for the project.